Food System Resilience: Concepts, Issues, and Challenges

Food system resilience has multiple dimensions. We draw on food and concepts review framings of different communities. present four questions to frame (Resilience what? Resilience from whose perspective? for how long?) three approaches enhancing (robustness, recovery, reorientation—the “Rs”). focus outcomes argue this will require actors adapting their activities, noting that activities do not change spontaneously but in response a drivers: an opportunity or threat. However, operationalizing enhancement involves normative choices result decisions having be negotiated about trade-offs among stakeholders. New including actors’ perceptions goals are needed build systems better positioned address challenges the future.